Turkish law topic · 38 articles
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and Awards
Yabancı mahkeme kararlarının ve yabancı hakem kararlarının Türkiye'de hüküm doğurması, tanıma veya tenfiz kararı alınmasına bağlıdır. Tanıma kesin hüküm ve kesin delil etkisi sağlar, tenfiz ise ayrıca cebrî icra imkânı verir; mahkeme kararın esasını incelemez, yalnızca kanunda sayılan şartları denetler.
Guides and Articles
Foreign Divorce Recognition in Turkey: Court Case or Registry Registration?
Learn when a foreign divorce can be registered in Turkey, when a court recognition or enforcement case is still required, and when you need a Turkish lawyer.
Registering a Foreign Divorce in the Turkish Civil Registry
A practical guide to registering a foreign divorce in the Turkish civil registry, including documents, finality and common rejection risks.
Foreign Divorce and Remarriage in Turkey: What Must Be Done First?
A foreign divorce may not be enough for remarriage in Turkey: registry records must be updated first, and the waiting-period deadline for remarriage must be checked.
Foreign Divorce with Custody or Alimony: Recognition or Enforcement in Turkey?
Foreign divorce decisions with custody, alimony or financial orders may require more than civil registry registration in Turkey.
When One Spouse Refuses to Cooperate in Foreign Divorce Recognition in Turkey
What happens when one spouse refuses to cooperate with registering or recognising a foreign divorce in Turkey, and when court action may be needed?
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Türkiye
How foreign civil and commercial judgments may be recognised or enforced in Türkiye under Law No. 5718, including documents, objections and risks.
Enforcing a Foreign Money Judgment Against Assets in Türkiye
What judgment creditors should know before enforcing a foreign money judgment against bank accounts, receivables or property in Türkiye.
Documents Needed to Enforce a Foreign Judgment in Türkiye
A document-focused guide to enforcing foreign judgments in Türkiye, including finality, apostille, translation, service evidence and court review.
Public Policy and Defence Rights in Turkish Enforcement Cases
How Turkish courts examine public policy, service and defence rights when deciding whether to recognise or enforce foreign judgments in Türkiye.
Recognition or Enforcement: Which Foreign Judgment Remedy Is Needed?
When a foreign judgment needs recognition, when it needs enforcement, and why choosing the wrong remedy can waste time and money in Türkiye.
Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in Türkiye
A practical guide to enforcing foreign arbitral awards in Türkiye under the New York Convention, Law No. 5718 and Turkish court procedure.
New York Convention Enforcement in Türkiye
How the New York Convention supports enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Türkiye and where Turkish-law objections and procedural risks arise.
Refusing Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in Türkiye
The main grounds on which Turkish courts may refuse enforcement of a foreign arbitral award and how award creditors can reduce that risk.
Arbitral Award or Foreign Court Judgment: Enforcement in Türkiye
A comparison of enforcing foreign arbitral awards and foreign court judgments in Türkiye for businesses with cross-border disputes and Turkish assets.
Asset Strategy After a Foreign Arbitral Award in Türkiye
How award creditors should plan asset recovery, protective measures and enforcement in Türkiye after obtaining an arbitral award against a Turkish debtor.
Set-Off Defences Against Enforcement of a Foreign Arbitral Award in Turkiye
A debtor facing enforcement of a foreign arbitral award may raise a set-off claim, though Turkish courts distinguish this from the limited grounds for refusing enforcement itself.
Costs and Duration of Tenfiz Proceedings in Turkiye
Tenfiz cases follow ordinary civil procedure timelines and costs, which vary with defendant cooperation, objections raised and the workload of the competent court.
Appealing a Tenfiz Decision in Turkiye: Istinaf and Temyiz
Either party may challenge a first-instance tenfiz decision through the regional court of appeal and, where conditions are met, the Court of Cassation.
Is a Foreign Marriage Annulment Recognised the Same Way as a Divorce in Turkiye?
A foreign annulment decree is recognised under the same general framework as a divorce, but its different legal effect requires separate attention.
Does Recognising a Foreign Divorce Also Cover Its Property Division Order?
Recognition of a foreign divorce decree does not automatically extend to enforcing its property division terms against assets located in Turkiye.
Does a Foreign Divorce Decree Need an Apostille to Be Used in Turkiye?
A foreign divorce decree must usually carry an apostille or consular legalisation before Turkish authorities will register or rely on it.
Foreign Divorce Recognition in Turkiye for Dual and Turkish Nationals: What Changes?
Turkish citizenship, held alone or alongside another nationality, affects how a foreign divorce decree must be processed in Turkish civil registry records.
Enforcing Foreign Interim Measures and Injunctions in Turkiye
Foreign interim or protective measures are not automatically enforceable in Turkiye and generally do not qualify as final judgments subject to tenfiz.
Conflicting Judgments as a Defence to Enforcement in Turkiye
Enforcement of a foreign judgment may be refused where a Turkish court has already ruled on the same dispute or where an earlier judgment on the same matter is pending recognition.
The Reciprocity Requirement in Enforcing Foreign Judgments in Türkiye
Turkish courts refuse to enforce a foreign judgment unless a reciprocity relationship exists between Türkiye and the state where the judgment was rendered, and this requirement is examined case by case.
Can a Default Foreign Divorce Judgment Be Recognised in Turkiye?
A foreign divorce granted without the other spouse's participation can still be recognised in Turkiye, but notice and due process are examined closely.
Enforcing ICC and LCIA Arbitral Awards in Turkiye
Awards rendered under ICC or LCIA rules are enforced in Turkiye through the same New York Convention framework applied to other foreign arbitral awards.
Enforcing a Foreign Arbitral Award Against Turkish State Entities
Enforcing a foreign arbitral award against a Turkish state entity or state-owned company raises additional questions of immunity, asset identification and procedure.
Service and Due Process Objections in Turkish Tenfiz Proceedings
A foreign judgment cannot be enforced in Turkiye if the defendant was not duly summoned or represented before the foreign court, and Turkish courts examine this objection closely.
Public Policy Objections to Enforcing a Foreign Arbitral Award in Turkiye
Turkish courts apply the public policy exception narrowly when reviewing a foreign arbitral award, limiting refusal to serious breaches of fundamental principles.
Can a Foreign Divorce Ending a Same-Sex Marriage Be Recognised in Turkiye?
Recognition of a foreign divorce that ended a same-sex marriage raises a distinct public policy question under Turkish private international law.
Why Does a Foreign Divorce Decree Need a Sworn Turkish Translation?
Turkish registries and courts require a certified sworn translation of a foreign divorce decree before it can be registered or relied upon.
Can a Religious or Non-Judicial Foreign Divorce Be Recognised in Turkiye?
A divorce granted abroad by a religious authority or administrative body may or may not be recognised in Turkiye, depending on how it was formed.
Challenging the Foreign Court's Jurisdiction in a Tenfiz Case in Turkiye
Turkish courts refuse enforcement where the foreign court lacked indirect jurisdiction under Turkish rules, particularly where a matter falls within the exclusive jurisdiction of Turkish courts.
Can a Foreign Judgment Be Partially Enforced in Turkiye?
Turkish courts may enforce only the severable parts of a foreign judgment that meet the statutory conditions, leaving other parts refused.
Improper Tribunal Composition and Due Process Objections Under the New York Convention in Turkiye
Turkish courts examine whether the arbitral tribunal was properly constituted and whether the party against whom enforcement is sought had a genuine opportunity to present its case.
Arbitrability Objections in Enforcing Foreign Arbitral Awards in Turkiye
Turkish courts may refuse enforcement of a foreign arbitral award where the underlying dispute is not capable of settlement by arbitration under Turkish law.
Interim Relief Pending Enforcement of a Foreign Arbitral Award in Turkiye
A creditor can seek provisional attachment or other interim measures in Turkiye while enforcement proceedings for a foreign arbitral award are ongoing.
Related Legislation
- 5718 SK m. 50
- 5718 SK m. 54
- 5718 SK m. 58
- 5718 SK m. 60
- 5718 SK m. 62
Topic Map
- Alternative routes
- Divorce Proceedings in Türkiye
- Overlapping topics
- Setting Aside an Arbitral Award
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